Tummy Tuck Cost Turkey – Abdominoplasty In Istanbul

What is Tummy Tuck?

Abdominoplasty or Tummy Tuck, removes extra skin and fat from the abdomen and tightens the muscles to provide a smoother, firmer, and more toned look.

Tummy Tuck Surgery is usually done on people who have lost a lot of weight, have extra abdominal skin and fat from pregnancy or age, or have weak abdominal muscles. The technique improves self-confidence and body image by streamlining and beautifying the physique.

Excess skin and fat are removed via a lower abdominal incision. After tightening the abdominal muscles, the skin is pushed down and sutured. It flattens and tones the stomach.

A trained plastic surgeon should execute Tummy Tuck Surgery, which demands a long recuperation period. Before getting a Belly Tuck, weigh the pros and downsides.

Which circumstances call for Tummy Tuck Surgery?

Tummy Tuck Surgery, also known as Abdominoplasty, is usually done on people with extra abdominal skin and fat and weak abdominal muscles. The technique makes the abdomen seem flatter, toned, and more attractive.

Tummy Tuck Surgery is often needed for:

• Pregnancy: Prenatal changes may cause extra skin and strained abdominal muscles in women who have given birth.
• Weight loss: Excess skin and loose abdominal muscles may not improve with diet and exercise after major weight reduction.
• Aging: The skin loses elasticity and may sag in the abdomen region.
• Genetics: Some people have extra belly skin and fat owing to genetics.
• Previous operations: Those who have had abdominal surgeries may have scarring or other concerns that a Tummy Tuck may fix.

What are the advantages of Tummy Tuck in Turkey?

 Turkey's Stomach Tuck operation offers various benefits:

• Turkey offers numerous highly qualified and experienced Stomach Tuck
• State-of-the-art facilities: Turkey's hospitals and clinics use cutting-edge technology and equipment to provide the greatest treatment.
• Economical cost: Turkey's Tummy Tuck Surgery is cheaper than in many other nations, making it an intriguing alternative for people seeking high-quality medical treatment at a lesser price.
• Several direct flights make Turkey a popular tourist destination.
• Pleasant recovery: Turkey's warm hospitality and excellent lodgings provide a soothing and comfortable setting for post-op patients.

What are the Tummy Tuck options in Turkey?

 According on the patient's specific requirements and objectives, Turkey offers a variety of Belly Tuck procedures. Options for a Tummy Tuck include:

1. Full Tummy Tuck:

Making an incision from hip to hip and removing extra skin and fat from the abdomen constitutes a Full Tummy Tuck. The remaining skin is then pushed downward and secured with sutures after the abdominal muscles have been stretched taut. This kind of Tummy Tuck Surgery is the most thorough.

2. Mini Tummy Tuck:

Those who simply have extra skin and fat in the lower abdomen region are the best candidates for the Mini Tummy Tuck treatment. Excess skin and fat are cut away from the lower abdomen using a smaller incision. The remaining skin is dragged down and secured with sutures while the abdominal muscles are tightened.

3. Extended Tummy Tuck:

Similar to a Full Tummy Tuck, an Extended Tummy Tuck also entails the removal of extra skin and fat from the flanks and back. This may contribute to giving the tummy a more defined and toned look.

4. Circumferential Tummy Tuck:

A good candidate for a Circumferential Tummy Tuck is someone who has extra skin and fat all over their back, hips, and abdomen. Excess skin and fat are taken out of the whole tummy by a circular incision created around the waist. The remaining skin is pushed up and secured with sutures while the abdominal muscles are contracted.

Are you a good candidate for Tummy Tuck?

A skilled plastic surgeon must evaluate you to determine whether Tummy Tuck Surgery is right for you. Nonetheless, there are several broad factors that may make you an excellent candidate:

• Your health is good: To reduce the risk of problems, you should be in excellent health before Tummy Tuck Surgery, which involves general anaesthesia.
• You're overweight in the abdomen: Tummy Tuck Surgery is indicated for those who cannot lose abdominal fat or skin with diet and exercise.
• Tummy Tuck Surgery helps strengthen and tighten weak abdominal muscles.
• You are at a stable weight: Tummy Tuck Surgery is not a weight reduction technique and is not suggested for overweight or obese people. It's crucial to be at a steady weight before the surgery.
• You have reasonable expectations: It's crucial to have realistic expectations for Tummy Tuck Surgery The operation may enhance the abdomen's look, but it won't flatten it.

To establish whether you are a suitable candidate for Tummy Tuck Surgery, you should discuss your requirements and objectives with a trained and experienced cosmetic surgeon. The surgeon might prescribe a surgery based on your medical history and physical evaluation.

What should be done before Tummy Tuck Surgery?

Before surgery, numerous procedures should be performed to assure safety and success. Important things to do before surgery:

• Consult with a skilled and experienced plastic surgeon: Choose a board-certified plastic surgeon with substantial Tummy Tuck Surgery The surgeon might prescribe a procedure and establish a specific treatment plan based on your medical history and physical assessment during the consultation.
• Perform a medical exam: You will require a medical assessment before Stomach Tuck Surgery to make sure you are in excellent health and don't have any underlying medical disorders that might cause difficulties.
• Quit smoking: Smoking increases surgical and recovery difficulties. Stop smoking at least four weeks before your Tummy Tuck.
• Avoid certain drugs and supplements: Certain medications and supplements increase bleeding risk and should be avoided before surgery. Discuss any drugs or supplements with your surgeon.
• Keep a healthy diet and exercise routine: Before Tummy Tuck Surgery, you should be in excellent health.
• Prepare for aftercare: Tummy Tuck Surgery needs a lot of rest and followup. During rehabilitation, make sure someone helps you with everyday tasks.
• Follow pre-operative instructions: Your surgeon will tell you what to wear to the operating facility, when to stop eating and drinking, and how to prepare your house for recuperation.

Following these precautions and working together with your plastic surgeon will help guarantee a safe and effective Tummy Tuck Surgery.

How do I prepare my body for a Tummy Tuck?

Preparing your body for Stomach Tuck Surgery may help you recover safely. Here are some ways to prepare for a Tummy Tuck:

• Keep a nutritious diet: Consuming a balanced, healthy diet before surgery helps enhance recovery and decrease problems. Eat lots of fruits, veggies, lean protein, and complete grains.
• Be hydrated: Consuming plenty of fluids before surgery helps your body repair.
• Quit smoking: Smoking increases the risk of problems during and after surgery. Stop smoking at least four weeks before your Tummy Tuck.
• Avoid alcohol: Preventing problems and promoting recovery by avoiding alcohol before surgery.
• Daily exercise strengthens your body and speeds healing after surgery. Ask your surgeon what exercises are safe before and after surgery.
• Stress management: High stress levels might increase surgical and post-op problems. In the weeks coming up to surgery, practise stress-reduction strategies like meditation or yoga.
• Follow pre-operative instructions: Your surgeon will give you precise instructions before surgery, including when to stop eating and drinking, what drugs to avoid, and how to prepare your house for recovery. Follow these directions carefully for a safe, effective treatment.

Discuss your requirements and objectives with a trained and experienced plastic surgeon to identify the best Tummy Tuck Surgery preparation strategy.

How is surgery for Tummy Tuck performed?

Tummy Tuck Surgery, commonly known as Abdominoplasty, comprises the following stages under general anaesthesia:

• Incision: Just above the pubic region, the surgeon will create a horizontal incision in the lower abdomen. The procedure will determine the incision length.
• Skin and fat separation: The surgeon will separate the skin and fat from the abdominal muscles to the ribs. The surgeon may treat abdominal muscle separation or weakening this way.
• Muscle repair: If required, the surgeon may suture abdominal muscles that are separated or weak.
• Excess skin and fat removal: The surgeon will remove extra skin and fat from the abdomen to achieve a smoother, flatter shape.
• Repositioning the belly button: The surgeon will create a new opening and relocate it to seem natural.
• Closure: Bandages and a compression garment are used to minimise edoema and assist healing after the wounds are sutured.

What exactly is done during a Tummy Tuck?

Tummy Tucks, also known as Abdominoplasty, include an incision above the pubic region in the lower abdomen. Depending on the operation, the incision will be longer.

Secondly, the surgeon will mend abdominal muscles that are weak or disconnected. Suturing them together might make them seem flatter and toned.

Abdominal fat and skin will be removed by the surgeon. Making an incision in the skin and stretching it tight before removing extra tissue does this. The remaining skin is pushed down and sutured.

The surgeon may relocate the abdominal button for a more natural look. The wounds are closed with sutures or surgical staples and dressed.

Depending on the operation and the patient, surgery and recuperation time might vary. Following surgery, your surgeon will recommend you to take medicines, wear compression garments, and avoid heavy exercise for many weeks. With appropriate care and recuperation, Stomach Tuck Surgery may produce a more toned and sculpted belly.

What should be taken into account following Tummy Tuck Surgery?

There are various things you should consider after Stomach Tuck Surgery to guarantee a safe and effective recovery. Here are some crucial considerations:

• Follow your surgeon's instructions: Your surgeon will offer precise instructions for your post-operative care, including medicines, wound care, activity limitations, and follow-up visits. It is critical to carefully follow these directions in order to maximise your recovery and assure the best potential result.
• Use compression clothes: Your surgeon may advise you to wear compression garments, such as an abdominal binder or compression shorts, to assist minimise swelling and facilitate recovery.
• Avoid vigorous exercise: For many weeks after surgery, you should avoid severe physical activity, heavy lifting, and bending over. This will assist to avoid issues and improve recovery.
• Attend all planned follow-up sessions with your surgeon to monitor your progress, review your healing, and discuss any concerns.
• Be patient: Tummy Tuck Surgery is a substantial treatment that might take many weeks or even months to properly recover from. Be patient and follow your surgeon's recommendations to enhance your recovery and obtain the best potential outcomes.

By considering these things, you may help guarantee a safe and effective recovery after Stomach Tuck Surgery.

What should be done after Tummy Tuck?

To ensure good healing and best outcomes after a Stomach Tuck, follow your surgeon's post-operative recommendations. General post-operative guidelines:

• Relax and avoid strenuous exertion for the first several days following surgery to let your body recover. For weeks following surgery, avoid heavy lifting, bending, and intense exercise.
• Use compression garments: Your surgeon may suggest abdominal binders or compression shorts to minimise edoema and facilitate recovery.
• Follow your surgeon's instructions for painkillers and antibiotics. Take drugs as recommended.
• Consuming a healthy, balanced diet may help recover and minimise issues. Avoid salt and sweets and drink plenty of water.
• Attend follow-up visits: Your surgeon will arrange follow-up appointments to examine your progress, healing, and concerns. Attend all appointments.
• Be patient: Recovery from Tummy Tuck Surgery might take weeks or months. To maximise recuperation and outcomes, be patient and follow your surgeon's directions.

Following these post-operative instructions will help you recover safely after Belly Tuck Surgery.

What should I avoid after Tummy Tuck?

To ensure a safe and effective recovery after Stomach Tuck Surgery, avoid these items. These factors are crucial:

• Strenuous physical activity: For many weeks following surgery, avoid heavy lifting, bending, and vigorous exercise. This may avoid problems and speed recovery.
• Smoking and alcohol: Smoking and drinking may slow recovery and raise the risk of complications. Avoid them for two weeks before and after surgery.
• Tight clothes, such as jeans or trousers with a tight waistline, may exert pressure on the incision site and slow recovery. For many weeks following surgery, loose, comfortable clothes is recommended.
• Some drugs: Blood-thinning medications like aspirin might increase bleeding risk and slow healing. Ask your surgeon whether you should stop taking any drugs before surgery.
• Sun exposure: The incision site might scar and darken from sun exposure. Avoid sun exposure for many weeks following surgery or use sunscreen and protective gear.

Avoiding these items and following your surgeon's recommendations will help you heal safely and get the greatest results after Belly Tuck Surgery.

How long can a Tummy Tuck last?

A Belly Tuck might endure for years, depending on the patient. Many things may impact a Tummy Tuck's longevity:

• Age: Loss of skin elasticity with age might influence Belly Tuck
• Weight fluctuations: After a Belly Tuck, significant weight gain or reduction might alter outcomes.
• Pregnancy: Since the abdominal muscles divide and stretch during pregnancy, a Stomach Tuck may not work as well.
• Lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, and bad nutrition may potentially impair Belly Tuck

Yet, if you stay healthy and don't gain or lose weight, a Stomach Tuck might persist for years. A Stomach Tuck is not a weight reduction operation and should not be used in place of a good diet and exercise

How long does Tummy Tuck Surgery take?

The degree of Stomach Tuck Surgery, the surgical method employed, and the patient's anatomy all affect its length. Tummy Tuck Surgeries normally take 2-4 hours.

The surgeon will make lower abdominal incisions, remove extra skin and fat, fix muscle separation, and rearrange the remaining tissue to produce a tighter, smoother abdominal shape. Close the wounds with sutures or surgical staples.

The patient will heal in a recovery room until they are ready to go home or remain overnight. Depending on the operation and the patient's healing process, the recovery time might vary.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How much is Tummy Tuck in Turkey?

Turkey's Stomach Tuck cost depends on the complexity of the treatment, the surgical method employed, and the clinic or hospital's location and reputation. Tummy Tucks in Turkey cost less than in the US or UK.

Tummy Tucks in Turkey cost between $2,500 and $5,000 USD, including surgery, anaesthetic, and hospital expenses. The patient's requirements and circumstances determine the cost.

While choosing a Belly Tuck in Turkey or elsewhere, money should not be the sole concern. To guarantee a safe and effective treatment, pick an experienced surgeon and a recognised institution that follows stringent safety and quality requirements.

Why is Turkey so cheap for Tummy Tuck?

Turkey's Stomach Tuck Surgery is cheaper for various reasons:

Reduced cost of living: Turkey's cost of living is lower than many Western nations, making medical operations, including Stomach Tuck Surgery, cheaper.

Reduced overhead expenses: Many Turkish clinics and hospitals have lower overhead costs than Western ones. Due to reduced rentals, wages, insurance, and administrative expenditures.

Favorable exchange rates: Patients from the US and Europe may receive more value for their money while paying for medical operations in Turkey since the Turkish lira's currency rate is often advantageous.

Government support: Turkey's medical tourism business, including Stomach Tuck Surgery, is more competitive due to the government's efforts.

What are the benefits of Tummy Tuck in Turkey?

Turkey offers various advantages for Belly Tuck Surgery:

• Cost: Tummy Tuck Surgery in Turkey is less than in many other nations.
• High-quality medical facilities: Turkey has a well-developed healthcare system with sophisticated and well-equipped medical facilities, including several cosmetic surgery centres.
• Skilled surgeons: Turkey has several cosmetic doctors that specialise in Belly Tuck Surgery. Several of them are European and American board-certified.
• Coupling surgery with a holiday: Turkey is a beautiful and culturally rich nation, thus many patients prefer to get Stomach Tuck Surgery there.
• Minimal wait times: Turkey is recognised for its quick medical treatments, including Stomach Tuck Surgery. Surgery may generally be scheduled within weeks or days following the first appointment.
• Extensive aftercare: Several clinics and hospitals in Turkey provide thorough aftercare packages that include follow-up consultations, medicines, and other assistance to ensure a good recovery.

How painful is Tummy Tuck?

Incisions, fat removal, and abdominal muscle tightening are all part of Tummy Tuck Surgery. Tummy Tuck Surgery will hurt like any other operation.

The first few days following the operation are usually uncomfortable and painful, although the surgeon's pain medicine may help. Depending on the procedure, the patient's pain tolerance, and their condition, pain and discomfort might differ.

Yet, the surgeon will minimise patient suffering throughout the treatment and recuperation. This may include nerve blocks, painkillers, and other methods.

Patients must follow their surgeon's post-operative recommendations, including taking prescribed pain medication, resting, and avoiding intense activities. It may reduce pain and speed up healing.

What should I expect during a consultation for Tummy Tuck Surgery?

During a Stomach Tuck consultation, expect:

• Medical history review: The surgeon will evaluate your medical history, including current ailments, medicines, and prior procedures.
• Physical exam: The surgeon will check your belly button, abdominal muscles, and extra skin and fat.
• Goals: You'll discuss what you want from Belly Tuck Surgery. Based on your objectives and medical history, the surgeon may prescribe a Tummy Tuck
• Risks and advantages: The surgeon will detail Stomach Tuck Surgery's hazards, such as bleeding and infection, and benefits, such as a flatter, more toned abdomen.
• Preparation and recovery: Your surgeon will teach you on lifestyle adjustments and pre-operative tests to prepare for surgery. They'll also address rehabilitation, including post-op discomfort, edoema, and activity limits.
• Cost: The surgeon will estimate the procedure's cost, including anaesthetic, surgery facility, and follow-up treatment.

During your consultation, be honest and ask questions. This might help you comprehend the operation before deciding to get it.

Is Tummy Tuck healthy?

Tummy Tuck Surgery is safe and beneficial for healthy, realistic people. Benefits of the operation include:

• Tummy Tuck Surgery tightens loose abdominal muscles, which improves core strength and posture.
• Decreased back pain: Strengthening the abdominal muscles relieves lower back strain, reducing or eliminating chronic back pain.
• Better hygiene: Abdominal fat and skin folds may make it hard to keep clean, causing skin irritation and infections. Tummy Tucks remove this extra tissue and enhance cleanliness.
• Improved self-confidence: A flatter, more toned belly may improve body image and mental health

Is Tummy Tuck in Turkey safe?

When conducted by a skilled physician in a recognised surgical centre, Tummy Tuck Surgery in Turkey is safe. Turkey has several competent surgeons who have trained locally and abroad. Turkey has several advanced surgical facilities that follow stringent safety measures to protect patients.

Tummy Tuck Surgery may cause bleeding, infection, scars, and anaesthetic issues, like any operation. To reduce these risks, carefully pick a trained surgeon and an approved surgical centre, follow all pre- and post-operative instructions, and reveal your entire medical history and medicines.

Do you eat less after a Tummy Tuck?

Due to abdominal muscle tightening and skin removal, Stomach Tuck patients may lose appetite and feel full faster. This effect is transitory and should not be used to lose weight. To achieve long-term success and weight stability, post-surgery nutrition and exercise are crucial.

How do you sit on the toilet after a Tummy Tuck?

Following a Stomach Tuck, avoid straining the abdominal muscles and incision site. To relieve strain on your abdominal muscles, sit as usual on the toilet but support them with your hands or a little cushion. It's also crucial to prevent prolonged bathroom use and rapid body movements. After surgery, your surgeon will give you advice on how to move and position yourself securely.

Can your stomach get big again after a Tummy Tuck?

If the patient gains weight or gets pregnant following a Tummy Tuck, the stomach may recover volume and size. A Stomach Tuck's results may endure provided the patient stays healthy and doesn't gain or lose weight. After surgery, maintain outcomes by eating well and exercising. To assess whether they are a suitable candidate for the operation and to control their expectations, patients should share their objectives and concerns with their surgeon during the consultation.

What happens if you gain a lot of weight after a Tummy Tuck?

A patient's Stomach Tuck results may be compromised if they gain a lot of weight following surgery. Weight gain may loosen the skin and abdominal muscles, reversing the surgery's results. Weight increase might cause problems that need extra surgery. To guarantee long-term success, post-surgery patients must maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent major weight changes. To get the best outcomes, patients should talk to their surgeon about their objectives and follow their post-op recommendations.

How much fat can a Tummy Tuck remove?

Tummy Tucks concentrate on skin removal and abdominal muscle tightening rather than fat removal. Nonetheless, some fat may be eliminated during skin excision. The quantity of fat removed during a Belly Tuck depends on the patient's skin removal demands. To eliminate abdominal fat, further liposuction may be done during surgery. The patient's health and the scope of the operation will determine how much fat may be safely removed. Discuss fat removal problems with your surgeon during the consultation.

How many sizes do you drop with a Tummy Tuck?

The degree of size reduction a patient may anticipate following a Tummy Tuck relies on their original body shape and the quantity of skin and tissue removed during the operation. Tummy Tucks often reduce clothes sizes by one to two. It's vital to note that the surgery's main purpose is to remove superfluous skin and tighten abdominal muscles, not to reduce size.

Is Abdominoplasty a high risk surgery?

Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck) has risks like any surgical surgery. Nevertheless, when done by a trained and experienced plastic surgeon, it is typically safe. Abdominoplasty risks include bleeding, infection, blood clots, and anaesthetic side effects. Poor wound healing, skin loss, or skin feeling alterations may occur in rare circumstances. To reduce the risk of problems, patients should thoroughly disclose their medical history and medicines to their surgeon before the treatment. To promote normal recovery and reduce problems, follow all post-operative recommendations

What can go wrong with an Abdominoplasty?

Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck) is typically safe, however all surgeries include risks. Abdominoplasty might cause these complications:

• Surgery may cause infection. Antibiotics will be provided following surgery to avoid infection.
• Hematoma/Seroma: A hematoma is a collection of blood beneath the skin, whereas a seroma is fluid. Drainage may be needed following surgery for both.
• After surgery, leg blood clots may occur. To avoid this, patients will be encouraged to move about following surgery.
• Poor wound healing: Rarely, the incision may not heal adequately, resulting in delayed healing, scarring, or wound disintegration.
• Skin necrosis: Skin necrosis may occur if the skin's blood supply is disturbed (death of skin tissue).
• Numbness: Abdominal or cutaneous numbness may occur in certain persons.
• Unfavorable scarring: Surgery always leaves scars, although some are more noticeable or broader than others.
• Unsatisfactory outcomes: Due to false expectations or inadequate surgeon-patient communication, patients may be dissatisfied with their surgical results.

What is the difference between liposuction and Tummy Tuck?

Both liposuction and Stomach Tuck improve body shapes, although their goals and methods are different.

Liposuction eliminates fat from the neck, arms, belly, hips, and thighs. It's good for stubborn fat spots. A cannula is placed into the target location to suck out fat during liposuction.

A Stomach Tuck (Abdominoplasty) removes fat and skin from the abdomen and tightens the muscles. It is appropriate for those with loose or sagging skin and weaker abdominal muscles owing to pregnancy, severe weight reduction, or age. Excess skin and fat are removed from the lower abdomen during a Stomach Tuck. Tightening the abdominal muscles flattens and firms the stomach

Should I get lipo or Tummy Tuck?

Your requirements and objectives determine whether you have liposuction or a Stomach Tuck. To enhance body shape, liposuction eliminates extra fat from the belly, hips, thighs, and buttocks. A Stomach Tuck, on the other hand, eliminates extra skin and fat from the abdomen and tightens the abdominal wall muscles for a flatter, smoother, and more toned look.

Liposuction may be useful for localised fat. If you have loose, sagging skin or a projecting belly owing to weaker muscles, a Stomach Tuck may be preferable. A knowledgeable plastic surgeon can help you decide based on your requirements, objectives, and health

What is the best alternative to a Tummy Tuck?

There are various non-surgical methods that promise to deliver comparable results to a Tummy Tuck, but none of them can match the dramatic effects of a surgical one. If someone wants a less invasive Belly Tuck, they may try:

1. CoolSculpting: A non-invasive process that freezes and eliminates fat cells.
2. SculpSure: Laser technology destroys fat cells in the treated region, like CoolSculpting.
3. Radiofrequency skin tightening: Radiofrequency radiation stimulates collagen formation and tightens loose skin in a non-invasive technique.
4. Ultrasonic skin tightening: This non-invasive procedure tightens loose skin by stimulating collagen formation using ultrasound.

How long does it take to recover from a Tummy Tuck?

The amount of a Belly Tuck and the patient's health affect recovery time. It takes weeks to months to recuperate from the treatment.

Patients usually endure stomach discomfort, edoema, and bruising in the first week or two following surgery. To minimise swelling and aid recovery, they may require a compression garment. During six weeks following surgery, patients should avoid intense activity, heavy lifting, and exercise.

After two to three weeks, most patients may return to work and mild activities. Nevertheless, it may take six months or more for the swelling to entirely recede for the procedure's ultimate benefits to become fully obvious.

At what age should I get a Tummy Tuck?

Getting a Belly Tuck at any age is fine. Tummy Tuck candidates should be at a steady weight and have a good diet and exercise routine. Pregnancy might influence Stomach Tuck outcomes, therefore women who want to have children may wish to wait until after their pregnancies. Tummy Tucks should be considered carefully and discussed with a trained plastic surgeon.

Is Turkey a good country for Tummy Tuck?

Turkey has numerous qualified and experienced plastic surgeons who do Stomach Tuck Surgery at a lesser cost than other nations. The country's high-quality medical facilities and current technologies make it a safe and dependable option for cosmetic surgery patients. Turkey's mild temperature and stunning surroundings might also help post-surgery recuperation. But, like with any medical operation, it is crucial to properly study and find a recognised and skilled surgeon and facility.